CONTROVERSES ÉNER...GÉTHIQUES
et NUCLÉAIRES
Document Euratom EUR 21021 EN
European alternative waste management strategies for long-lived radioactive wastes
Table 16: National Dose/Risk Targets for Disposal of Radioactive Wastes (post-closure)
Country
Dose/Risk target for disposal of radioactive wastes
Bulgaria No dose/risk targets specified for disposal of long-lived waste...
Czech Republic Individual dose limit of 0.25 mSv/y for human intrusion only
Finland With respect to an assessment period of at least several thousand years:
1.      Annual effective dose to most exposed members of public <0.l mSv
2.      Average annual effective dose to other members of public to remain insignificantly low
France Individual dose limit of 0.25 mSv/y for a period of at least 10,000 y
Germany Present regulation: Individual dose limit of 0.3mSv/y; new regulation under development.
Hungary Draft regulation:
1.      Individual dose < 0.1 mSv/y
2.      Risk of fatality <10-6 /y
Italy No dose/risk targets for disposal of long-lived or short-lived waste to-date other than Article 111 Law DPR 13 Feb 1964 No 185
Netherlands Individual dose < 0.1 mSv/y
Radiological risk of death or serious hereditary defect < 10-6 per year
Romania No dose/risk targets specified for disposal of long-lived waste to-date. Dose target <0.1mSv/yr for disposal of short-lived waste; <0.3 mSv/yr for uranium tailings.
Slovakia Individual dose limit of 0.1 mSv/y
Slovenia Dose constraint of 0.3 mSv/y used in Probabilistic Safety Assessments for LILW repository; no limits in legislation.
Spain Risk of death to member of critical group <10-6 per year, considered equivalent to an effective dose < 0.1 mSv/y
Sweden The annual risk of harmful effects after closure must not exceed 10-6 for a representative individual in the group exposed to the greatest risk
Switzerland 1.      Individual dose < 0.1 mSv/y due to release of radionuclides from a sealed repository subsequent upon processes and events reasonably expected to happen
2.      Risk of fatality < 10-6 per year from a sealed repository due to unlikely processes and events that are not taken into consideration in Protection Objective 1
UK Radiological risk of death or serious hereditary defect < 10-6 per year (Currently, the risk target for disposal of LLW and ILW only)
Commentaires ADIT:
    Une actualisation de la relation dose / risque est nécessaire dans certaines législations européennes!
    On peut noter que la nouvelle ÏéquivalenceÓ proposée par lÌ ICRP 81 (entre 10-5 et 0.3 mSv) correspond assez bien au coefficient de risque de 5 % par Sv (qui ferait correspondre 10-5 et 0.2 mSv) alors que celle de lÌ ICRP 46 (entre 10-5 et 1 mSv) sÌen éloigne.
    La difficulté est notamment dans la façon "neutre et objective" de présenter tout cela au public. Il y a un vingtaine d'années, on a annoncé un niveau de risque qui a alors été jugé "acceptable" (pour peu que cela ait été discuté). Cependant, l'évolution des connaissances (radioprotection, parasismique, etc) et des paramètres (trafic aérien, terrorisme,...) ont changé ; il y a notamment une évolution de la relation dose-risque qui fait que la dose acceptée actuellement pour le public correspond à un niveau de risque supérieur à celui qui avait été présenté il y a 2 ou 3 décennies.
    Dans certaines publications, on semble dire que le public est plus sensible au risque qu'auparavant. Est-ce bien là que le bât blesse?